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Report | 2018
Trade Costs, Time, and Supply Chain Reliability
Author(s): Kumar, Utsav ; Shepherd, Ben ; Dime, Roselle
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation countries have to invest in improving connectivity to reduce transport times and increase reliability to major markets. This paper uses measures of international transport time in median and standard deviation based on shipment-level data from the Universal Postal Union, to analyze the effect of time on...
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Report | 2016
Value of Air Cargo: Air Transport and Global Value Chains
Author(s): Shepherd, Ben ; Shingal, Anirudh ; Raj, Anasuya
As part of the study commissioned by IATA to quantify the relationship between air cargo connectivity and participation in global trade, two air cargo specific indices – the Air Trade Facilitation Index (ATFI) and eFreight Friendliness Index (EFFI) – were developed to assess effectiveness of smart border regulation, customs services and logistics...
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Policy Brief | 2013
Global Connectivity and Export Performance
Author(s): Arvis, Jean-Francois ; Shepherd, Ben
The World Bank has developed a novel method for measuring countries connectivity in global networks and has applied it to the global air transport network. Connectivity in this context is defined as a countrys relative position in that network in terms of the total push and pull it exerts on air traffic, taking account of all possible...
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Report | 2018
Trade Impacts of Joining the Commonwealth: Evidence from Rwanda
Author(s): Abdou, Marwa ; Shepherd, Ben
The Commonwealth's member countries share unique historical ties, as well as resilient diaspora communities with linguistic and institutional similarities. These links could facilitate co-operation and contribute to increased trade, investment and labour flows. This working paper sets out to distill these linkages and their effects from...
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Report | 2012
Logistics Costs and Competitiveness: Measurement and Trade Policy Applications
Author(s): Shepherd, Ben
This paper examines the issue of measuring logistics costs from an applied trade policy research perspective, and identifies/maps the logistics-intensive sectors. It explores into a range of data sources and methodologies in an effort to move forward on the analysis of logistics costs from a trade policy research perspective. Going forward, it...
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Report | 2011
The Air Connectivity Index: Measuring Integration in the Global Air Transport Network
Author(s): Arvis, Jean-François ; Shepherd, Ben
The authors construct a new measure of connectivity in the global air transport network, covering 211 countries and territories for the year 2007. It is grounded in network analysis methods, and is based on a gravity-like model that is familiar from the international trade and regional science literatures. It is a global measure of connectivity,...
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Report | 2017
Time, Uncertainty, and Trade Flows
Author(s): Anson, Jose ; Arvis, Jean-Francois ; Boffa, Mauro ; Helble, Matthias ; Shepherd, Benjamin
This paper quantifies the impact of international transport time on bilateral trade flows in goods using previously unexploited information drawn from a large dataset on international parcel delivery times. In line with previous work, we find that an extra day spent in international transit reduces bilateral trade by just under one percent at the...
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Report | January 2018
Sustainable & Safe: A Vision and Guidance for Zero Road Deaths
Author(s): Welle, Ben ; Sharpin, Anna Bray ; Adriazola, Claudia ; Bhatt, Amit ; Alveano, Saúl ; Obelheiro, Marta ; Imamoglu, Celal Tolga ; Job, Soames ; Shotten, Marc ; Bose, Dipan
Globally, road transport is on a dangerous path. Many roads, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are dangerous places for people, whether they are in a car, on a motorcycle, on a bicycle, or—especially—on foot. As economies, populations, and car ownership rates are growing, so, too, are the numbers of deaths and serious injuries on...
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Report | 2018
Connectivity Along Overland Corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative
Author(s): Kunaka, Charles ; Liu, Xingjian ; Derudder, Ben
The six land corridors that are the ‘Belt’ part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) connect more than sixty countries. As the initiative progresses, policy makers, analysts and researchers are trying to answer a few open questions of which the most common are: How can a country best benefit from the BRI? How should projects be prioritized and...
